Figure 1

cpnA - cells are arrested in the slug stage of development. Wild-type (A) and cpnA- (C) Dictyostelium cells were plated on black filters at 5 × 10⁷ cells/mL in starvation buffer and developed for 48 hours. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 40× magnification (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Wild-type (B) and cpnA- (D) stalk structures were removed from the filters, placed in glass bottom dishes, and imaged using a Nikon fluorescence microscope at 1000× (B) and 600× (D) magnification with DIC optics (scale bar = 40 μm).