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  1. It has been proven that c-kit is crucial for proliferation, migration, survival and maturation of spermatogenic cells. A periodic expression of c-kit is observed from primordial germ cells (PGCs) to spermatogenet...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Jiangjing Tang, Christopher J Haines, Huai Feng, Liangxue Lai, Xiaoming Teng and Yibing Han
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:38
  2. The myotome is the primitive skeletal muscle that forms within the embryonic metameric body wall. It can be subdivided into an epaxial and hypaxial domain. It has been shown that the formation of the epaxial m...

    Authors: Qin Pu, Aisha Abduelmula, Maryna Masyuk, Carsten Theiss, Dieter Schwandulla, Michael Hans, Ketan Patel, Beate Brand-Saberi and Ruijin Huang
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:37

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:41

  3. Members of the vertebrate Numb family of cell fate determinants serve multiple functions throughout early embryogenesis, including an essential role in the development of the nervous system. The Numb proteins ...

    Authors: Frank Nieber, Marie Hedderich, Olaf Jahn, Tomas Pieler and Kristine A Henningfeld
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:36
  4. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a key enzyme that regulates diacylglycerol (DG) turnover and is involved in a variety of physiological functions. The isoform DGKθ has a unique domain structure and is the sole m...

    Authors: Shuji Ueda, Becky Tu-Sekine, Minoru Yamanoue, Daniel M Raben and Yasuhito Shirai
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:35
  5. Human amniotic fluid cells (hAFCs) may differentiate into multiple cell lineages and thus have a great potential to become a donor cell source for regenerative medicine. The ability of hAFCs to differentiate i...

    Authors: Dongmei Lai, Fangyuan Wang, Yifei Chen, Li Wang, Yanlin Wang and Weiwei Cheng
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:34
  6. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS) is caused by a 1.5-3 Mb microdeletion of chromosome 22q11.2, frequently referred to as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). This region includes TBX1, a T-...

    Authors: Laina Freyer, Sonja Nowotschin, Melinda K Pirity, Antonio Baldini and Bernice E Morrow
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:33
  7. Preimplantation bovine development is emerging as an attractive experimental model, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying trophoblast (TE)/inner cell mass (ICM) segregation in cattle. To gain an ...

    Authors: Zofia E Madeja, Jaroslaw Sosnowski, Kamila Hryniewicz, Ewelina Warzych, Piotr Pawlak, Natalia Rozwadowska, Berenika Plusa and Dorota Lechniak
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:32
  8. The reiterated architecture of cranial motor neurons aligns with the segmented structure of the embryonic vertebrate hindbrain. Anterior-posterior identity of cranial motor neurons depends, in part, on retinoi...

    Authors: Danna L Drummond, Caroline S Cheng, Lyndsay G Selland, Jennifer C Hocking, Lisa B Prichard and Andrew J Waskiewicz
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:31
  9. Aedes aegypti is the most important global vector of dengue virus infection in humans. Availability of the draft genome sequence of this mosquito provides unique opportunities to study different aspects of its bi...

    Authors: Brent W Harker, Susanta K Behura, Becky S deBruyn, Diane D Lovin, Akio Mori, Jeanne Romero-Severson and David W Severson
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:29
  10. Ecdysone triggers transcriptional changes via the ecdysone receptor (EcR) to coordinate developmental programs of apoptosis, cell cycle and differentiation. Data suggests EcR affects cell cycle gene expression...

    Authors: Naomi C Mitchell, Jane I Lin, Olga Zaytseva, Nicola Cranna, Amanda Lee and Leonie M Quinn
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:28
  11. Hox genes, with their similar roles in animals as evolutionarily distant as humans and flies, have fascinated biologists since their discovery nearly 30 years ago. During the last two decades, reports on Hox gene...

    Authors: Juan Pascual-Anaya, Salvatore D’Aniello, Shigeru Kuratani and Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:26
  12. The Drosophila larval head is evolutionarily derived at the genetic and morphological level. In the beetle Tribolium castaneum, development of the larval head more closely resembles the ancestral arthropod condit...

    Authors: Andrew D Peel, Julia Schanda, Daniela Grossmann, Frank Ruge, Georg Oberhofer, Anna F Gilles, Johannes B Schinko, Martin Klingler and Gregor Bucher
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:25
  13. The explanted, developing rodent retina provides an efficient and accessible preparation for use in gene transfer and pharmacological experimentation. Many of the features of normal development are retained in...

    Authors: Philip EB Nickerson, Kara M Ronellenfitch, Nicklaus F Csuzdi, Jamie D Boyd, Perry L Howard, Kerry R Delaney and Robert L Chow
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:24
  14. The vertebrate craniofacial skeleton may exhibit anatomical complexity and diversity, but its genesis and evolution can be understood through careful dissection of developmental programs at cellular resolution...

    Authors: B Frank Eames, April DeLaurier, Bonnie Ullmann, Tyler R Huycke, James T Nichols, John Dowd, Marcie McFadden, Mark M Sasaki and Charles B Kimmel
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:23
  15. Toxic substances like heavy metals can inhibit and disrupt the normal embryonic development of organisms. Exposure to platinum during embryogenesis has been shown to lead to a “one fell swoop” internalization ...

    Authors: Leonie Marschner, Julian Staniek, Silke Schuster, Rita Triebskorn and Heinz-R Köhler
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:22
  16. Extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) proteins are a highly diverse superfamily of membrane-associated or secreted proteins. In the membrane-associated eLRR proteins, the leucine-rich repeat motifs interact...

    Authors: Chris R Gissendanner and Tram Do Kelley
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:21
  17. The purpose of the study was an evaluation of fetal hip joint morphology during the second and the third trimester of pregnancy. Serial sections were performed on 23 cadaver infants.

    Authors: Adrian Masłoń, Marcin Sibiński, Mirosław Topol, Karol Krajewski and Andrzej Grzegorzewski
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:19
  18. Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family is classified as class IVa of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP4A) that removes phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. PRL phosphatas...

    Authors: Ming-Der Lin, Hsun-Tzu Lee, Szu-Chieh Wang, Han-Ru Li, Hsin-Lun Hsien, Kai-Wen Cheng, Yu-Di Chang, Min-Lang Huang, Jr-Kai Yu and Yau-Hung Chen
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:18
  19. Molecular studies of appendage regeneration have been hindered by the lack of a stable and efficient means of transferring exogenous genes. We therefore sought an efficient integrating virus system that could ...

    Authors: Shahryar Khattak, Tatiana Sandoval-Guzmán, Nicole Stanke, Stephanie Protze, Elly M Tanaka and Dirk Lindemann
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:17
  20. Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCϵ) belongs to the novel PKC subfamily, which consists of diacylglycerol dependent- and calcium independent-PKCs. Previous studies have shown that PKCϵ is important in different con...

    Authors: Sergio Carracedo, Ursula Braun and Michael Leitges
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:16
  21. Live imaging provides an essential methodology for understanding complex and dynamic cell behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Genetically-encoded reporter expressing mouse strains are an impor...

    Authors: Sonja Nowotschin, Panagiotis Xenopoulos, Nadine Schrode and Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:15
  22. The phoronid larva, which is called the actinotrocha, is one of the most remarkable planktotrophic larval types among marine invertebrates. Actinotrochs live in plankton for relatively long periods and undergo...

    Authors: Elena N Temereva and Eugeni B Tsitrin
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:14
  23. MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating biological processes, including organ morphogenesis and maturation. However, little is known about specific pathways regulated by miRNA during lung development. Bet...

    Authors: Sana Mujahid, Tanya Logvinenko, MaryAnn V Volpe and Heber C Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:13
  24. Transcription factors from the MADS-box family play a relevant role in cell differentiation and development and include the animal SRF (serum response factor) and MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) proteins. The...

    Authors: María Galardi-Castilla, Irene Fernandez-Aguado, Teresa Suarez and Leandro Sastre
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:12
  25. Our current knowledge on tooth development derives primarily from studies in mice. Very little is known about gene expression and function during human odontogenesis. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling has been de...

    Authors: Xuefeng Hu, Shuo Zhang, Guimiao Chen, Chensheng Lin, Zhen Huang, YiPing Chen and Yanding Zhang
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:11
  26. The 14-3-3 (YWHA) proteins are central mediators in various cellular signaling pathways regulating development and growth, including cell cycle regulation. We previously reported that all seven mammalian 14-3-...

    Authors: Santanu De and Douglas Kline
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:10

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Developmental Biology 2014 14:20

  27. Tenm4 is a mouse homolog of the Drosophila gene Tenascin-m (Ten-m (Odd oz)), which functions in motor neuron routing. Recently, a genome-wide association analysis for bipolar disorder identified a new susceptibil...

    Authors: Hisashi Nakamura, Rita N Cook and Monica J Justice
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:9
  28. The freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea has emerged as a powerful model for studies of regenerative, stem cell, and germ cell biology. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and whole-mount fluorescent

    Authors: Ryan S King and Phillip A Newmark
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:8
  29. In the male germ line of Drosophila chromatin remains decondensed and highly transcribed during meiotic prophase until it is rapidly compacted. A large proportion of the cell cycle-regulated histone H3.1 is repla...

    Authors: Wolfgang Hennig and Alexandra Weyrich
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:7
  30. The editors of BMC Developmental Biology would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012).

    Authors: Philippa K Harris
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:5
  31. Thyroid hormones regulate growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which thyroid hormone regulates cell structural development are not fully understood. The mammalian cochlea is an intrigui...

    Authors: Katherine B Szarama, Núria Gavara, Ronald S Petralia, Richard S Chadwick and Matthew W Kelley
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:6
  32. Individual skeletal elements of the vertebrate limbs arise through a segmentation process introducing joints in specific locations. However, the molecular pathways controlling joint formation and subsequent jo...

    Authors: Akinori Kan, Toshiyuki Ikeda, Atsushi Fukai, Takumi Nakagawa, Kozo Nakamura, Ung-il Chung, Hiroshi Kawaguchi and Clifford J Tabin
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:4
  33. Insulin and its plasma membrane receptor constitute an ancient response system critical to cell growth and differentiation. Studies using intact Rana pipiens oocytes have shown that insulin can act at receptors o...

    Authors: Gene A Morrill, Adele B Kostellow, Richard D Moore and Raj K Gupta
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:3
  34. The members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family consist of serine/threonine kinases classified according to their regulatory domain. Those that belong to the novel PKC subfamily, such as PKCδ, are dependent o...

    Authors: Sergio Carracedo, Ursula Braun and Michael Leitges
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:2
  35. Group B Sox domain transcription factors play important roles in metazoan central nervous system development. They are, however, difficult to study as mutations often have pleiotropic effects and other Sox fam...

    Authors: Shih Pei Shen, Jelena Aleksic and Steven Russell
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2013 13:1
  36. Members of the family Syngnathidae share a unique reproductive mode termed male pregnancy. Males carry eggs in specialised brooding structures for several weeks and release free-swimming offspring. Here we des...

    Authors: Stefan Sommer, Camilla M Whittington and Anthony B Wilson
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:39
  37. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive method of evaluating embryonic development. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), based on the directional diffusivity of water molecules, is an established method of eval...

    Authors: Zien Zhou, Zachary DelProposto, Lianming Wu, Jianrong Xu, Jia Hua, Yan Zhou, Yongquan Ye, Zishu Zhang, Jiani Hu and E Mark Haacke
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:38
  38. Genetic studies in mouse have demonstrated the crucial function of PAX4 in pancreatic cell differentiation. This transcription factor specifies β- and δ-cell fate at the expense of α-cell identity by repressing A...

    Authors: Joachim Djiotsa, Vincianne Verbruggen, Jean Giacomotto, Minaka Ishibashi, Elisabeth Manning, Silke Rinkwitz, Isabelle Manfroid, Marianne L Voz and Bernard Peers
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:37
  39. In mammals, R-spondin (Rspo), an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, has been shown to be involved in ovarian differentiation. However, the role of the Rspo/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in fis...

    Authors: Linyan Zhou, Tapas Charkraborty, Xiangguo Yu, Limin Wu, Gang Liu, Sipra Mohapatra, Deshou Wang and Yoshitaka Nagahama
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:36
  40. The proper balance of autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation process, is indispensable for oogenesis in Drosophila. We recently demonstrated that egg development depends on autophagy in the somatic follicle c...

    Authors: Julia MI Barth, Ernst Hafen and Katja Köhler
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:35
  41. The contribution of cell proliferation to regeneration varies greatly between different metazoan models. Planarians rely on pluripotent neoblasts and amphibian limb regeneration depends upon formation of a pro...

    Authors: Yale J Passamaneck and Mark Q Martindale
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:34
  42. The first distinct differentiation event in mammals occurs at the blastocyst stage when totipotent blastomeres differentiate into either pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) or multipotent trophectoderm (TE). Her...

    Authors: Manabu Ozawa, Miki Sakatani, JiQiang Yao, Savita Shanker, Fahong Yu, Rui Yamashita, Shunichi Wakabayashi, Kenta Nakai, Kyle B Dobbs, Mateus José Sudano, William G Farmerie and Peter J Hansen
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:33
  43. Temperature affects virtually all cellular processes. A quick increase in temperature challenges the cells to undergo a heat shock response to maintain cellular homeostasis. Heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) functio...

    Authors: János Barna, Andrea Princz, Mónika Kosztelnik, Balázs Hargitai, Krisztina Takács-Vellai and Tibor Vellai
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:32
  44. Oxygen sensing is a near universal signaling modality that, in eukaryotes ranging from protists such as Dictyostelium and Toxoplasma to humans, involves a cytoplasmic prolyl 4-hydroxylase that utilizes oxygen and...

    Authors: Yuechi Xu, Zhuo A Wang, Rebekah S Green and Christopher M West
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:31
  45. Embryonic development proceeds through finely tuned reprogramming of the parental genomes to form a totipotent embryo. Cells within this embryo will then differentiate and give rise to all the tissues of a new...

    Authors: Tiphaine Aguirre-Lavin, Pierre Adenot, Amélie Bonnet-Garnier, Gaétan Lehmann, Renaud Fleurot, Claire Boulesteix, Pascale Debey and Nathalie Beaujean
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:30
  46. Hox proteins are transcription factors involved in crucial processes during animal development. Their mode of action remains scantily documented. While other families of transcription factors, like Smad or Sta...

    Authors: Barbara Lambert, Julie Vandeputte, Sophie Remacle, Isabelle Bergiers, Nicolas Simonis, Jean-Claude Twizere, Marc Vidal and René Rezsohazy
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:29
  47. In chondrichthyans, basal osteichthyans and tetrapods, vertebral bodies have cartilaginous anlagen that subsequently mineralize (chondrichthyans) or ossify (osteichthyans). Chondrocytes that form the vertebral...

    Authors: Anabela Bensimon-Brito, João Cardeira, Maria Leonor Cancela, Ann Huysseune and Paul Eckhard Witten
    Citation: BMC Developmental Biology 2012 12:28