Fig. 1

Developmental nicotine treatment affects survival and development time. a Schematic showing the experimental design for the nicotine treatment and for when dissections were carried out. Flies were reared on control food (black bars) or food laced with 0.3 mg/ml nicotine (red bars) and the number of flies eclosed was counted from days 9 to 14 after egg laying to estimate survival and the time required for 50% of pupae to eclose (ET50). b The number of eclosed flies by day 14 was significantly reduced by the nicotine treatment. c The number of days needed for 50% of the flies to eclose was significantly increased by the nicotine treatment. b, c Samples size was n = 64 vials counted for control and n = 95 vials for nicotine from 17 independent experiments. Mann-Whitney U-test (a) and Student’s t-test (b) were used to compare the control versus the nicotine condition