Fig. 1

Astatotilapia burtoni morphology, distribution and husbandry. a A. burtoni shows pronounced sexual dimorphism, with colorful dominant males with their characteristic egg spots on the anal fin (black arrowhead), and plain females. b A. burtoni is native to Lake Tangayika in the East African Rift Valley, with additional, introduced populations western of Lake Victoria (distribution after IUCN 2006, geographical boundaries drawn after Google earth 2017). c Typical tank set up for A. burtoni to house a breeding group of 20–40 adult fish. Aquaria do not need to be planted but are best decorated with gravel and numerous rocks and hiding places, such as upturned half-flowerpots, which the fish will use during their mating rituals. d Mouthbrooding females can be recognized by their expanded lower jaw, leading to a pronounced “chin” in profile view (white arrowhead)