Revisiting in vivo staining with alizarin red S - a valuable approach to analyse zebrafish skeletal mineralization during development and regeneration

Bensimon-Brito, A.; Cardeira, J.; Dionísio, G.; Huysseune, A.; Cancela, M. L.; Witten, P. E.

doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0102-4

Table 1 Overview of studies using in vivo staining with alizarin compounds (ALC and ARS) by immersion for in vivo skeletal analysis or paraformaldehyde fixed teleost specimens. Species names, dye concentrations, duration of immersion, wash steps, and literature references are indicated

From: Revisiting in vivo staining with alizarin red S - a valuable approach to analyse zebrafish skeletal mineralization during development and regeneration

	Alizarin compound	Concentration	Time of immersion & washing	Species	Reference
in vivo	ARS	0.003 %	2–3 h / rinsing	Danio rerio	DeLaurier et al. 2010 [53]
	ALC	0.005 %	O/N / rinsing	Oryzias latipes	Renn et al. 2013 [54]
	ALC	0.005 %	n.d. / rinsing	Oryzias latipes	Inohaya et al. 2007 [55]
	ARS	0.005 % + HEPES	Larvae 1–2 h; juvenile ON / rinsing	Danio rerio	Kimmel et al. 2010 [56]
	ALC	0.010 %	2 h / rinsing	Oryzias latipes	Willems et al. 2012 [57]
	ALC	0.010 %	2 h-4 h / 2 h-ON	Oryzias latipes	To et al. 2012 [58]
	ARS	0.020 %	10 min / rinsing	Danio rerio	Tu and Johnson 2011 [38]
	ALC	0.025 %	n.d.	Danio rerio & Oryzias latipes	Chatani et al. 2011 [59]
	ARS	0.025 %	24 h / rinsed	Poecilia reticulata	Bashey 2004 [29]
	ARS	0.040 %	n.d. / rinsing 10 min	Danio rerio	Recidoro et al. 2014 [60]
	ARS	0.050 %	5 min / rinsing	Danio rerio	Huitema et al. 2012 [61]
	n.d.	0.050 %	n.d.	Danio rerio	Fleming et al. 2004 [62]
	n.d.	0.300 %	n.d.	Danio rerio	Eames et al. 2010 [63]
	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	Danio rerio	Yan et al. 2005 [64]
Post mortem	ALC	0.0025 %*	6 h / n.d.	Theragra chalcogramma	Dougherty 2008 [65]
	ALC	0.003 %	24 h / n.d.	Acanthopagrus butcheri	Partridge et al. 2009 [66]
	ALC	0.003 %*	12 h / n.d.	Argyrosous japonicus	Taylor et al. 2005 [32]
	ALC	0.006 %*	6–24 h / n.d.	Scophthalmus maximus	Iglesias et al. 1997 [67]
	ARS	0.010 %	12 h / n.d.	Clupea harengus	Bang et al. 2007 [68]
	ALC	0.010 %	23 h / n.d.	Esox lucius	Skov et al. 2001 [69]
	ALC	0.012 %	24 h / n.d.	Scophthalmus maximus	Lagardère et al. 2000 [33]
	ARS	0.040 %*	24 h / n.d.	Scophthalmus maximus	Lagardère et al. 2000 [33]
	ARS	0.015 %*	3 h / n.d.	Salmo trutta	Baer and Rosch 2008 [70]
	ALC	0.025 %	15 min / n.d	Oryzias latipes	Nemoto et al. 2007 [71]
	ALC	0.030 %*	24 h / 4 h	Paralichthys olivaceus	Liu et al. 2009 [31]
	ARS	0.040 %*	24 h / 4 h	Paralichthys olivaceus	Liu et al. 2009 [31]

An asterisk denotes the concentrations considered the most effective from a range of concentrations tested in the referred studies. n.d. not defined

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