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Fig. 17 | BMC Developmental Biology

Fig. 17

From: Mantle margin morphogenesis in Nodipecten nodosus (Mollusca: Bivalvia): new insights into the development and the roles of bivalve pallial folds

Fig. 17

Schematic representation of the development of the mantle margin in Nodipecten nodosus. Processes are depicted in different colors for the same developmental sequence; blue arrows on the drawings indicate the point of origin of the inner and middle folds; green circles indicate the circumpallial nerve. All images are in cross-section view with the anterior to the top in veliger and pediveliger stages, and ventral to the top in postmetamorphic stages. Two outgrowth processes are responsible for mantle fold formation (blue). The first one occurs in late pediveligers, forming the inner and outer mantle folds. After this process, periostracum secretion is situated in a groove between the folds. The second outgrowth process takes place after metamorphosis, giving rise to the middle mantle fold from the inner surface of the inner fold. Periostracum and shell secretion (grey) is continuous throughout development since the onset of shell field formation in the trochophore stage. Both muscle (red) and nervous systems (green) are initially formed by the early pediveliger stage, and further modifications are involved during fold development. See text for more information. Abbreviation: pfz, periostracum-forming zone

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