From: Generation of diverse neuronal subtypes in cloned populations of stem-like cells
No of stage | Name of stage | Days of induction | Cell biological features | Morphology of the culture | Morphology of characteristic cell types | Markers of characteristic cell types |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Non-induced | 0 | continuous proliferation | monolayer | uniform epithel-like morphology stem cells | Nestin [22], SSEA1 |
2. | Initial changes | 1–2 | proliferation; selective sensitivity to depolarization (Herberth et al 2002); Altered adhesivity (Schlett et al 2000; Tárnok et al 2002) | monolayer | uniform epithel-like morphology stem cells | Nestin [22], RC2, SSEA-1 |
3. | Aggregation | 2–4 | reduced proliferation (Schlett, Madarász 1997) aggregation; compaction; start of neurogenesis | compact aggregates | stem cells; radial glia-like cells, neuronal precursors | SSEA-1, Nestin, RC2 βIII-tubulin, neurofillament-light [15] |
4. | Out-migration | 3–7 | migration from aggregates; neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth | outgrowth zones; monolayers around loose aggregates | radial glia-like cells; stem cells neuronal precursors | RC2, Nestin SSEA-1, MAP2, NeuN, βIII-tubulin |
5 | Neuronal maturation | 6–11 | reduction of neurogenesis; neuronal maturation (Herberth et al 2002; Jelitai et al 2002; 2006); network formation; proliferation of basal cells | neural networks on monolayer of basal cells | neuronal precursors; maturing neurons; stem cells | βIII-tubulin, MAP2, NeuN synaptophysyn, NMDA receptors [34] Nestin, SSEA1 |
6. | Astroglia genesis | 10- | aggregation of neurons; fasciculation of neurites; astroglia genesis; proliferation of basal cells | interconnected neuronal aggregates on the monolayer of basal cells | a variety of differentiated neurons; astrocytes; stem cells | βIII-tubulin, MAP2, NeuN, synaptophysyn, NMDA receptors [34] GFAP, S100β [22] and data not show Nestin, SSEA1 |