Intermandibularis posterior (*see Table 2) | Intermandibularis posterior | Intermandibularis | Intermandibularis posterior | Intermandibularis posterior | Mylohyoideus (*mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53]) | Mylohyoideus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Probable plesiomorphic osteichthyan condition | Actinistia: Latimeria chalumnae (Coelacanth) | Dipnoi: Lepidosiren paradoxa (South American lungfish) | Amphibia: Ambystoma ordinarium (Michoacan stream salamander) | Reptilia: Timon lepidus (Ocellated lizard) | Mammalia: Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Mammalia: Homo sapiens (Human) |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Digastricus anterior (*see cell above) | Digastricus anterior |
Intermandibularis anterior (*see Table 2) | Intermandibularis anterior | ----- | Intermandibularis anterior | Intermandibularis anterior | Intermandibularis anterior (transversus mandibularis of Greene [83]) | --- |
Ad. mand. A3' | Ad. mand. A3' (ad. mand. 'moyen' of e.g. Millot and Anthony [24]) | Ad. mand. A3' (ad. mand. anterior of e.g. Bemis and Lauder [50]) | Ad. mand. A3' (pseudotemporalis posterior of e.g. Iordansky [73]) | Ad. mand. A3' (pseudotemporalis superficialis of e.g. Abdala and Moro [74]) | --- (*but see below) | --- (*but see below) |
Ad. mand. A3" | Ad. mand. A3" (ad. man. 'profond' of e.g. Millot and Anthony [24]) | ----- | Ad. mand. A3" (pseudotemporalis anterior of e.g. Iordansky [73]) | Ad. mand. A3" (pseudotemporalis profundus of e.g. Abdala and Moro [74]) | --- (*but see below) | --- (*but see below) |
----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | Pterygomandibularis (*seemingly derived from mesial portion of ad. mand.) | --- (*but see below) | --- (*but see below) |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Pterygoideus medialis (*derived from mesial portion of ad. mand. of other tetrapods; seemingly corresponding to A3'/A3" and/or pterygomandibularis of e.g. lizards: see e.g. Saban [79]) | Pterygoideus medialis |
Ad. mand. A2 | Ad. mand. A2 (ad. mand. 'superficiel' of e.g. Millot and Anthony [24]) | Ad. mand. A2 (part of ad. mand. posterior of e.g. Bemis and Lauder [50]) | Ad. mand. A2 (ad. mand. externus of e.g. Iordansky [73]) | Ad. mand. A2 (ad. mand. externus of e.g. Abdala and Moro [74]) | Masseter (*masseter, pterygoideus lateralis and temporalis of mammals seemingly derived from lateral, and eventually also medial, portions of ad. mand. of other tetrapods [12, 46, 79, 80]) | Masseter |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Temporalis (*see cell above) | Temporalis |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Pterygoideus lateralis (*see cell above) | Pterygoideus lateralis |
----- | ----- | Ad. mand. A2-PVM (part of ad. mand. posterior of e.g. Bemis and Lauder [50]) | Ad. mand. A2-PVM (ad. mand. posterior of e.g. Iordansky [73]) | Ad. mand. A2-PVM (ad. mand. posterior of e.g. Abdala and Moro [74]) | Tensor veli palatini (*tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani of mammals seemingly derived from ad. mand. A2-PVM of other tetrapods [12, 79]) | Tensor veli palatini |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Tensor tympani (*see cell above) | Tensor tympani |
----- | ----- | Retractor anguli oris (*seemingly derived from lateral portion of ad. mand.) | ----- | ----- | --- | --- |
----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | Levator anguli oris (*present, somewhat mixed with A2; seemingly derived from lateral portion of ad. mand, it may eventually be derived/modified from the retractor anguli oris, or at least from the portion of the mandibular muscle plate originating that muscle in other osteichthyan taxa) | --- | --- |
Ad. mand. Aω | Ad. mand. Aω (intramandibular adductor of e.g. Lauder [75]) | ----- | ----- | Ad. mand. Aω (*in Timon the ad. mand. has an anteroventral section that is lodged in the 'adductor fossa' and that is very similar to the Aω of other osteichthyan taxa: is this section homologous to the Aω of those taxa? [36]) | --- | --- |
Levator arcus palatini | Levator arcus palatini | ----- | ----- | Levator pterygoidei (*it may well be derived/modified from the levator arcus palatini, or at least from the portion of the mandibular muscle plate originating that muscle in other osteichthyan taxa) | --- | --- |
----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | Protractor pterygoidei (*same as cell above) | --- | --- |