From: Regular heartbeat rhythm at the heartbeat initiation stage is essential for normal cardiogenesis at low temperature
Developmental stage
Heart rate (mean ± SD)
Hd-rR strain
ODT strain
15°C
26°C
st.24
9.08 ± 1.66
24.0 ± 4.43
8.78 ± 2.67
21.1 ± 3.93
st.34
70.7 ± 3.21
116.0 ± 10.6*
67.3 ± 2.31
116.9 ± 6.44