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Table 1 Average heart rate of st.34 medaka embryos measured at 26°C

From: Regular heartbeat rhythm at the heartbeat initiation stage is essential for normal cardiogenesis at low temperature

 

Hd-rR embryos

 

Control

Incubated at 15°C

Heart rate (bpm; mean ± SD)

116.0 ± 10.6

117.5 ± 1.82

  1. Average heart rate (bpm; measured at 26°C) at st.34 after incubation of the embryos at 15°C from st.18 onwards (“Incubated at 15°C”, n = 26) in the Hd-rR. All embryos incubated at 15°C showed blood regurgitation. Control embryos were incubated at 26°C and did not exhibit blood regurgitation (n = 27).