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Table 1 The presence of muscles in larvae of two phoronid species and the fate of these muscles during metamorphosis

From: Development, organization, and remodeling of phoronid muscles from embryo to metamorphosis (Lophotrochozoa: Phoronida)

Muscle

Found in larva / Fate in metamorphosis

Phoronopsis harmeri(this paper)

Phoronis pallida[[10, 11]]

1. Annular muscle of the hood

+ but lost in the first minutes

+ and then lost

2. Radial and circular muscles of the hood

+ but lost in the first minutes

+ and then lost

3. Hood depressors

+, retained for 15 minutes, and then lost

+ (referred to as “hood elevators”) and then lost

4. Hood elevators

+ and then lost

+ (are not shown) and then lost

5. Esophageal musculature

+ and then incorporated in the juvenile body

+ / ?

6. Transverse muscles of collar

+ and then lost

+ and then lost

7. Collar ring muscle

+ but lost in 10 minutes

+ and then lost

8. Tentacle elevators

+ and then incorporated in the juvenile body

+ and then lost

9. Tentacle depressors

+ and then lost

+ and then lost

10. Trunk body musculature including muscles of the blood vessels

+ and then incorporated in the juvenile body

+ (dorsal blood vessel of larva referred to as “dorsal retractor”) and then lost

11. Trunk retractors

+ , retained for 15 minutes, and then lost

___

12. Telotroch flexors

+ and then lost

+ and then lost

13. Telotroch constrictor

+, retained for 9 days, and then lost

___

14. Metasomal sack musculature

+ and then gives rise to the musculature of the juvenile trunk body wall

? / ?

  1. "+" stands for presence of muscles in larva;
  2. "-" stands for absence of muscles in larva;
  3. "?" is used if information absence.