Figure 1

Comparison of TGIF family. A) TGIFLX orthologues are only found in eutherian mammals including human, horse and mouse, but there are no orthologues in non-mammals including chicken, frog and Fugu with VISTA browser. Human genomic sequence of TGIFLX (chrX: 89,053,736-89,078,217) compared to the horse (contig_22722: 204,584-233,963), mouse (chrX: 115,540,211-115,561,508), chicken (showing only conserved CNS in chr4: 7362172-7362401, no alignment in other region), frog (no alignment and no contigs can be shown) and Fugu (no alignment and no contigs can be shown). B) TGIF2 orthologues are present in all vertebrates, but not in invertebrates. Human genomic sequence encompassing MYL9-TGIF2-SLA2 (chr20: 34,602,792-34,680,072) compared to the mouse (chr2: 156,632,126-156,706,204), opossum (chr1: 389,963,044-390,050,278), platypus (Ultra337: 3,776,448-3,849,788), lizard (scaffold_17: 7,638,665-7,723,584), frog (scaffold_38: 522,992-673,094), Fugu (chrUn: 295,276,805-295,277,868) and fly (chr2R: 8,363,354-8,428,229). C) TGIF orthologues are present in all vertebrates and invertebrates with the conserved downstream and upstream genes in most of species. Human genomic sequence encompassing MYOM1 (partial sequence and not shown)-TGIF1-DLGAP1 (chr18: 3,395,327-3,507,935) compared to the mouse (chr17: 71,147,775-71,255,269), opossum (chr3: 269,037,689-269,144,991), platypus (Contig3116: 1-55,206), lizard (scaffold_70: 2,188,819-2,296,955), frog (scaffold_337: 1,113,822-1,225,651), Fugu (chrUn: 210,908,683-211,016,001) and fly (chr2R: 8,353,314-8,461,279). High similarity over a 100 bp window (showing with a peak region) is seen for exon sequence (slate blue) and untranslated regions (UTR, powder blue) or conserved non-coding sequence (CNS, red). The top double line stands for human genomic sequences. The bottom of each picture showed the human genomic sequence number. D) Amino acids alignment of human (h) TGIF family members and tammar (w) TGIF family members. Identical amino acids between the sequences are shaded black. The homeodomain is boxed and the conserved carboxyl-terminal domain (CCD) is indicated by a dashed box. The position of the three alpha helices (α1, α2, and α3) is indicated by a line below the sequence. The extra 3 residues, AYP, between helix α1 and α2 are highlighted with stars and labeled as TALE. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation site is indicated with a rectangular box below the sequence. The GenBank accession numbers for these proteins are: hTGIF2, (BAB16424); hTGIF1 (NM_003244) and hTGIFLX (AJ427749). Tammar TGIF1 and TGIF2 sequence have been submitted to GenBank (tTGIF: JF796112; tTGIF2: FJ775183).