Structure and epitope distribution of heparan sulfate is disrupted in experimental lung hypoplasia: a glycobiological epigenetic cause for malformation?

Table 2 Summary of the spatiotemporal distribution of HS epitopes in normal and nitrofen-treated hypoplastic fetal lungs

	E13.5		E15.5		E17.5		E19.5		E21.5
	Cont	Nitr	Cont	Nitr	Cont	Nitr	Cont	Nitr	Cont	Nitr
HS3B7V
Epithelium	-	n/a	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BM	-	n/a	+++	++	+++	++	+++	++	++	+
Mesenchyme;
Sub-epithelial	-	n/a	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Sub-mesothelial	-	n/a	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
HS4E4V
Epithelium	-	n/a	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BM	+++	n/a	+++	+	+++	++	+++	++	++	++
Mesenchyme;
Sub-epithelial	+	n/a	+++	+/-	++	+	++	++	++	++
Sub-mesothelial	-	n/a	+	-	+	-	++	++	++	++
HS3A8V
Epithelium	-	n/a	++	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
BM	+++	n/a	+++	++	+++	++	+++	++	+++	++
Mesenchyme;
Sub-epithelial	-	n/a	+++	++	+++	++	++	++	++	++
Sub-mesothelial	-	n/a	++	++	+	++	++	++	++	++
AO4B08V
Epithelium	-	n/a	++	+	+	-	-	-	-	-
BM	+	n/a	+++	+	+++	+	+++	-	++	+
Mesenchyme;
Sub-epithelial	-	n/a	-	+	++	++	++	++	++	++
Sub-mesothelial	-	n/a	-	+	+	++	++	++	++	++
EV3C3V
Epithelium	++	n/a	++	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
BM	+++	n/a	+++	++	+++	++	+++	++	+++	++
Mesenchyme;
Sub-epithelial	+	n/a	+++	++	+++	+++	+++	+++	++	++
Sub-mesothelial	+	n/a	+	++	+	+++	+++	+++	++	++
EW4G1V
Epithelium	-	n/a	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BM	-	n/a	+++	+	+++	++	+++	++	+++	++
Mesenchyme;
Sub-epithelial	-	n/a	+	+	+	+	++	+++	++	++
Sub-mesothelial	-	n/a	-	-	-	-	++	++	++	++

Levels of immunostaining in the various lung compartments were scored blind by two independent observers with images that were representative of three separate lung samples, as follows: -
- no staining, +/- very low staining, + low staining, ++ moderate staining, +++ high staining

ISSN: 1471-213X