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Figure 1 | BMC Developmental Biology

Figure 1

From: Structure and epitope distribution of heparan sulfate is disrupted in experimental lung hypoplasia: a glycobiological epigenetic cause for malformation?

Figure 1

HS 'phage display antibodies identify distinct epitopes in situ. In fetal rat lungs, HS antibodies display different patterns of staining. HS3B7V exclusively labels epithelial basement membranes, whereas HS4E4V and HS3A8V show a more widespread staining pattern. In addition to epithelial basement membrane staining, HS4E4V labels sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells surrounding smaller distal airways and HS3A8V highlights the entire lung mesenchyme and in addition, stains epithelial cells at E15.5. One antibody, HS4C3V, did not stain fetal rat lungs of any developmental age; however, positive staining of adult rat kidney confirmed the functionality of HS4C3V in immunohistochemistry. E15.5 and E17.5 rat lungs and adult rat kidney were probed with HS antibodies followed by rabbit VSV-G tag antibody and FITC conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Negative controls were omission of HS antibody or digestion of HS with heparitinase prior to antibody incubation (HS4E4V shown, heparitinase digest controls for other antibodies are shown in additional files). Scale bar represents 10 μm and all images are the same magnification. (ep) epithelium, (me) mesenchyme, (bm) basement membrane, (aw) airway, (G) glomerulus, (cap) peritubular capillary.

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