100 mM NaB | stage 1-7 | stage 7-8 | stage 8-9 | stage 13-19 | stage 13-15 | stage 15-19 | stage 19-22 |
---|
Percent Heterotaxic | 22.5% | 2% | 1.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Non-scorable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
n | 145 | 168 | 176 | 150 | 120 | 145 | 160 |
p value
| P <0.001 | p = 0.6 | p = 0.8 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- NaB treatment affects Xenopus left-right patterning.
- Embryos were exposed to 100 mM NaB during different stages of development, the drug was washed out and the embryos were allowed to develop until at stage 45 for organ placement score. NaB treatment induced significant levels of heterotaxia if embryos were exposed to the drug from stage 1 to 7. Embryos exposed to the drug during Xenopus ciliogenesis (stage 13-19; 13-15; 15-19) or during Nr-1 asymmetric expression in the lateral mesoderm plate (stage 19-22) presented significant malformations and thus could not be used for laterality assessment.